Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Request::$request is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\library\request.php na linha 26Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Session\DB::$db is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\library\session\db.php na linha 5Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Session::$config is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\library\session.php na linha 34Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Session::$request is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\library\session.php na linha 35Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$getTranslations is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$__construct is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$__get is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$__set is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: mysqli::real_escape_string(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\library\db\mysqli.php na linha 55Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Openbay::$logger is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\library\openbay.php na linha 22Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$getLanguage is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$getLanguages is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$__construct is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$__get is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$__set is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Cart\Customer::$config is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\library\cart\customer.php na linha 14Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Cart\Customer::$db is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\library\cart\customer.php na linha 15Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Cart\Customer::$request is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\library\cart\customer.php na linha 16Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Cart\Customer::$session is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\library\cart\customer.php na linha 17Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$getCurrencyByCode is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$getCurrencies is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$__construct is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$__get is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$__set is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Cart\Currency::$db is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\library\cart\currency.php na linha 7Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Cart\Currency::$language is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\library\cart\currency.php na linha 8Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Cart\Tax::$config is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\library\cart\tax.php na linha 7Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Cart\Tax::$db is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\library\cart\tax.php na linha 8Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Cart\Weight::$db is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\library\cart\weight.php na linha 7Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Cart\Weight::$config is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\library\cart\weight.php na linha 8Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Cart\Length::$db is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\library\cart\length.php na linha 7Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Cart\Length::$config is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\library\cart\length.php na linha 8Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Cart\Cart::$config is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\library\cart\cart.php na linha 7Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Cart\Cart::$customer is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\library\cart\cart.php na linha 8Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Cart\Cart::$session is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\library\cart\cart.php na linha 9Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Cart\Cart::$db is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\library\cart\cart.php na linha 10Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Cart\Cart::$tax is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\library\cart\cart.php na linha 11Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Cart\Cart::$weight is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\library\cart\cart.php na linha 12Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$getEvents is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$__construct is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$__get is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$__set is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$getCategory is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$getCategories is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$getCategoryFilters is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$getCategoryLayoutId is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$getTotalCategoriesByCategoryId is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$__construct is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$__get is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$__set is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$getManufacturer is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$getManufacturers is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$__construct is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$__get is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$__set is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$updateViewed is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$getProduct is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$getProducts is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$getProductSpecials is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$getLatestProducts is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$getPopularProducts is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$getBestSellerProducts is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$getProductAttributes is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$getProductOptions is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$getProductDiscounts is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$getProductImages is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$getProductRelated is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$getProductLayoutId is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$getCategories is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$getTotalProducts is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$getProfile is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$getProfiles is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$getTotalProductSpecials is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$__construct is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$__get is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$__set is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: round(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($num) of type int|float is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\catalog\model\catalog\product.php na linha 54Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$addReview is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$getReviewsByProductId is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$getTotalReviewsByProductId is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$__construct is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$__get is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$__set is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$resize is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$__construct is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$__get is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$__set is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$getTheme is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$__construct is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$__get is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$__set is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: The Twig_Autoloader class is deprecated since version 1.21 and will be removed in 2.0. Use Composer instead. no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\library\template\Twig\Autoloader.php na linha 12Unknown: Using Twig_Autoloader is deprecated since version 1.21. Use Composer instead. no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\library\template\Twig\Autoloader.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$getLayout is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$getLayoutModules is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$__construct is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$__get is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$__set is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$getModule is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$__construct is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$__get is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$__set is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Using Twig_Autoloader is deprecated since version 1.21. Use Composer instead. no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\library\template\Twig\Autoloader.php na linha 30Unknown: Using Twig_Autoloader is deprecated since version 1.21. Use Composer instead. no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\library\template\Twig\Autoloader.php na linha 30Unknown: Using Twig_Autoloader is deprecated since version 1.21. Use Composer instead. no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\library\template\Twig\Autoloader.php na linha 30Unknown: Using Twig_Autoloader is deprecated since version 1.21. Use Composer instead. no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\library\template\Twig\Autoloader.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$getInformation is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$getInformations is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$getInformationLayoutId is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$__construct is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$__get is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$__set is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Using Twig_Autoloader is deprecated since version 1.21. Use Composer instead. no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\library\template\Twig\Autoloader.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$getExtensions is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$__construct is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$__get is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$__set is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Using Twig_Autoloader is deprecated since version 1.21. Use Composer instead. no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\library\template\Twig\Autoloader.php na linha 30Unknown: Using Twig_Autoloader is deprecated since version 1.21. Use Composer instead. no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\library\template\Twig\Autoloader.php na linha 30Unknown: Using Twig_Autoloader is deprecated since version 1.21. Use Composer instead. no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\library\template\Twig\Autoloader.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$getTotal is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$__construct is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$__get is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$__set is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$getTotal is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$confirm is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$unconfirm is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$__construct is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$__get is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$__set is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$getTotal is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$__construct is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$__get is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$__set is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$getCoupon is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$getTotal is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$confirm is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$unconfirm is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$getTotalCouponHistoriesByCoupon is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$getTotalCouponHistoriesByCustomerId is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$__construct is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$__get is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$__set is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$getTotal is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$__construct is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$__get is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$__set is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$getTotal is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$confirm is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$unconfirm is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$__construct is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$__get is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$__set is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$getTotal is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$__construct is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$__get is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$__set is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$addUpload is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$getUploadByCode is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$__construct is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$__get is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$__set is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Using Twig_Autoloader is deprecated since version 1.21. Use Composer instead. no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\library\template\Twig\Autoloader.php na linha 30Unknown: Using Twig_Autoloader is deprecated since version 1.21. Use Composer instead. no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\library\template\Twig\Autoloader.php na linha 30Unknown: Using Twig_Autoloader is deprecated since version 1.21. Use Composer instead. no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\library\template\Twig\Autoloader.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$getSetting is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$getSettingValue is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$__construct is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$__get is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Creation of dynamic property Proxy::$__set is deprecated no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\engine\proxy.php na linha 30Unknown: Using Twig_Autoloader is deprecated since version 1.21. Use Composer instead. no arquivo C:\web\opencart\system\library\template\Twig\Autoloader.php na linha 30 Box Biografias do comunismo
  • Box Biografias do comunismo

O box do renomado autor Robert Service reúne as três biografias essenciais para compreender a ascensão do comunismo no século XX.
 
As biografias reunidas neste box exploram a trajetória de três personalidades que mudaram o século XX e cuja influência não pode ser subestimada. Com base em documentos históricos, diários, cartas, jornais, panfletos, testemunhos pessoais e arquivos até então inexplorados de Moscou e da Instituição Hoover, Robert Service usou seu vasto conhecimento da história russa para analisar as origens da União Soviética a partir dos perfis de seus principais personagens: Lenin, Stalin e Trotski. Não só a Revolução de Outubro, as ideias do marxismo, o estado unipartidário e a política econômica comunista são esmiuçados nessas obras — em uma investigação sobre um Estado e uma sociedade que não desapareceram inteiramente após o colapso do regime soviético em 1991 —, mas também os clichês românticos e mitologias que envolvem essas figuras, aqui em seu retrato mais humano e verossímil. O resultado é um estudo fascinante e obrigatório aos que preferem conhecer os homens e suas ideias sem filtros ideológicos.
 
Lenin: a biografia definitiva (714 pág.)
Lenin é uma figural colossal, cuja influência na história do século XX não pode ser subestimada. Nesta biografia meticulosa e definitiva desse líder político estranhamene evasivo, Robert Service investiga as origens da União Soviética e elucida a natureza do Estado e da sociedade deixados por Lenin.
 
Stalin: uma biografia (826 pág.)
Com uma imagem convencional de administrador político inculto e inexplicavelmente transformado em assassino patológico, Stalin tem uma história mais complexa e fascinante. Sem diminuir os horrores do stalinismo, este livro apresenta um relato ainda mais perturbador por apresentar uma visão humana e verossímil de Stalin — o seu retrato mais abrangente e atraente até hoje.
 
Trotski: uma biografia (770 pág.)
Este livro é a primeira biografia completa de Trotski a ser escrita, fora da Rússia, por um autor que não é trotskista. Oferece, portanto, uma leitura imparcial de Leon Trotski, líder com papel principal na criação da União Soviética. Com uma abordagem investigativa, Robert Service questiona os clichês românticos que pairam sobre ele, como o da revolucionário intelectual martirizado por Stalin e o da alma pura e humanitária perseguida injustamente. O resultado é um livro magistral.

Código: 130782
EAN: 9788501306135
Peso (kg): 2,820
Altura (cm): 22,50
Largura (cm): 15,50
Espessura (cm): 11,80
Especificação
Autor Robert Service
Editora RECORD
Ano Edição 2022
Número Edição 1

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Box Biografias do comunismo

  • Disponibilidade: Esgotado
  • R$399,90